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Dibs Fall 2026

PHILOS 22

Introduction to Ethical Theory

Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Not open for credit to students with credit for course 22W. Recommended or required for many upper-division courses in Group III. Systematic introduction to ethical theory, including discussion of egoism, utilitarianism, justice, responsibility, meaning of ethical terms, relativism, etc. P/NP or letter grading.

Course statistics

Predicted GPA
3.69
n = 1,079 · 7 terms · ± 0.017
A range
78%
of letter grades
Taken P/NP
5%
96% of those passed
D / F / W
1.3%
incl. withdrawals

Sections in Fall 2026

Sections offered, with live enrollment and predicted GPA
Section Status Enrolled Seat risk Meets Instructor Predicted GPA
Lec 1 Closed
168 of 168
100% full
 fills MW 2:00pm-3:15pm Julius, A.J.
3.92n=556 · this instructor

Enrollment history

Final enrollment per term, averaged across that term's sections. Four years deep, summer excluded. Per-section live curves are on each section page.

  • 22422S
  • 24523S
  • 29024S
Enrolment by term: 22S 224, 23S 245, 24S 290
Peak 290 Most recent 290 in 24S 3 terms on record

Grade distribution

  • A+ 25 · 2.2%
  • A 591 · 51.5%
  • A- 221 · 19.3%
  • B+ 120 · 10.5%
  • B 67 · 5.8%
  • B- 28 · 2.4%
  • C+ 8 · 0.7%
  • C 3 · 0.3%
  • C- 2 · 0.2%
  • D+ 3 · 0.3%
  • D 1 · 0.1%
  • F 10 · 0.9%
  • P 49 · 4.3%
  • NP 2 · 0.2%
  • I 18 · 1.6%

Grey bars are non-letter outcomes — P/NP, S/U, incompletes. They are excluded from the GPA entirely rather than scored, because counting a P as a 4.0 would be a fabrication.

By instructor

Instructor Predicted Raw n Terms A range
JULIUS, ALEXANDER JACOB 3.92 3.92 556 2 97%
DEWITT, JANELLE 3.55 3.54 236 1 61%
TULIPANA, PAUL ANDREW 3.25 3.22 198 1 42%
LAWRENCE, GAVIN 3.66 3.65 58 2 78%
RESCORLA, MICHAEL ARTHUR 3.83 3.89 31 1 94%

“Predicted” is shrunk toward the course average, which is itself shrunk toward the department — so an instructor with a handful of students sits near the course mean rather than topping the list.

By term